Rising demands for wheat spurred settlers to plow much of the southern plains' grassy soil to meet this need.
The land was eventually exposed to erosion, since grass and tree roots that had held the moist soil in place during dry times were replaced by cash crops.
A decade-long drought transformed the loose topsoil into dust, which windstorms swept up and blew eastward, darkening skies as far away as the Atlantic Coast.
With most of the areas crops decimated, a third of the farmers turned to government aid, while around half a million Americans were left homeless.
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